The Historic Urban Landscape Approach and the Governance of World Heritage in Urban Contexts: Reflections from Three European Cities

Governance, and specifically local management institutional systems, is among the key factors affecting of World Heritage (WH) properties in urban contexts. The adoption 2011 UNESCO Recommendation on Historic Urban Landscape (HUL approach) promotes a governance reform towards more inclusive integrated management. purpose this paper to discuss how HUL approach may help solve challenges WH three European cities compared. Edinburgh, Porto, Florence were chosen for their familiarity with willingness provide guidance review policies as plans. methodology includes policy analysis plans followed by comparative based six addressed recent literature. results show that supporting contexts, has helped address heritage